Index of Bone Health Topics
Every word we teach, with the Academy lessons where you'll find it — just like the back of a good book.
T-score … T2·L1 means Tier 2, Lesson 1 of the Academy; P2·L1 is the same spot in the Professional track. Tap any word for its full entry, or a lesson number to open the lesson. See points you from another name to the word we file it under.
1/3 radius site, see DXA sites
25-OH vitamin D, see 25-hydroxy vitamin D test
25(OH)D, see Vitamin D
30-second chair stand test, see Chair stand test
4-meter gait speed, see Gait speed
5 times sit to stand, see Chair stand test
50000 IU vitamin D, see Vitamin D loading dose
aching bones, see Bone pain
acrylic bone cement, see Bone cement
Actonel, see Bisphosphonate
Actonel, see Risedronate
ADT, see Androgen deprivation therapy
AFF, see Atypical femoral fracture
age-related bone loss, see Aging and bone loss
age-related muscle loss, see Sarcopenia
age-related osteoporosis, see Aging and bone loss
age-related primary osteoporosis, see Primary osteoporosis
age-related strength loss, see Dynapenia
AGEs, see Advanced glycation end-products
alcohol, see Alcohol and bone loss
alendronic acid, see Alendronate
Alkaline phosphatase test, see Alkaline phosphatase
ALP, see Alkaline phosphatase
anabolic agents, see Anabolic bone agent
anorexia and bone loss, see Anorexia nervosa
anticonvulsant-induced bone loss, see Anticonvulsants and bone loss
antidepressant, see SSRI and bone loss
antidepressants and bone, see SSRI and bone loss
antiepileptic drugs and bone, see Anticonvulsants and bone loss
antiresorptive medication, see Antiresorptive
anti-sclerostin antibody, see Sclerostin inhibitor
antiseizure drugs bone loss, see Anticonvulsants and bone loss
anxiety about falling, see Fear of falling
Arimidex, see Anastrozole
arm cast, see Cast
Aromasin, see Exemestane
Assistive walking device, see Walker (mobility aid)
astronaut, see Astronaut bone loss
Atelvia, see Risedronate
athletic amenorrhea, see Amenorrhea
athletic low estrogen, see Estrogen deficiency
avoid forward bending osteoporosis, see Spinal flexion avoidance
axial bone loading, see Axial loading
axial compression, see Axial loading
back fusion surgery, see Spinal fusion
backbone, see Spine
balance exercises, see Balance training
balance impairment, see Postural instability
balance test, see Balance assessment
ball and socket joint, see Hip joint
ball of hip joint, see Femoral head
balloon kyphoplasty, see Kyphoplasty
basic multicellular unit, see Bone remodeling unit
BBS score, see Balance assessment
b-catenin signaling, see Beta-catenin
bed rest, see Bed rest bone loss
Berg Balance Scale, see Balance assessment
Berg balance test, see Balance assessment
best time to take calcium, see Calcium supplement timing
BIA phase angle, see Phase angle
biking bone loss, see Cycling and bone density
bilateral hip DXA, see Dual femur scan
Binosto, see Alendronate
bioimpedance phase angle, see Phase angle
birth control pill bone density, see Hormonal birth control and bone
birth control shot bone loss, see Depo-Provera
bisphosphonate ONJ risk, see Jaw osteonecrosis risk (bisphosphonates)
bisphosphonates, see Bisphosphonate
blackout fall, see Syncope
blood clot after fracture, see Deep vein thrombosis (post-fracture)
blood thinner bone loss, see Heparin-induced osteoporosis
blood thinners fracture risk, see Anticoagulants and fracture risk
BMD, see Bone mineral density
BMD units, see Bone density units
BMP-2, see BMP (bone morphogenetic protein)
BMPs, see BMP (bone morphogenetic protein)
BMU, see Bone remodeling unit
body awareness, see Proprioception
body comp scan, see Body composition
body composition analyzer, see InBody
body-identical hormones, see Bioidentical hormones
bodyweight squat, see Squat exercise
bone ALP test, see Alkaline phosphatase
bone biomarkers, see Bone turnover markers
bone cement spine procedure, see Vertebroplasty
bone collagen, see Collagen matrix
bone cutting surgery, see Osteotomy
bone cytokines, see Cytokines
bone density, see Bone mineral density
bone density change over time, see BMD change
Bone density monitoring on medication, see BMD change
bone density scan, see DEXA scan
bone graft surgery, see Bone grafting
bone hardening, see Osteosclerosis
bone healing process, see Fracture healing stages
bone health labs, see Osteoporosis blood panel
bone lamellae, see Lamellae
bone loss from disuse, see Disuse osteoporosis
bone loss rate after menopause, see Post-menopausal bone loss rate
bone loss with age, see Aging and bone loss
bone maintenance, see Maintenance phase (bone)
bone marrow cavity, see Marrow cavity
bone metabolic panel, see Osteoporosis blood panel
bone metabolic unit, see Bone remodeling unit
bone mets, see Bone metastases
bone mineral crystal, see Hydroxyapatite
bone mineralization, see Mineralization (bone)
bone modeling, see Modeling (bone)
bone morphogenetic proteins, see BMP (bone morphogenetic protein)
bone piezoelectricity, see Piezoelectric effect in bone
bone remodelling, see Bone remodeling
bone scan results, see Bone density report
bone shaft, see Diaphysis
bone sialoprotein-1, see Osteopontin
bone strain, see Strain (bone)
bone trabeculae, see Trabeculae
bone turnover marker CTX, see CTX
bone-immune crosstalk, see Osteoimmunology
bone-loading jumps, see Jump training for bone
bone-muscle loss syndrome, see Osteosarcopenia
bone-safe yoga, see Yoga for bone health
bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, see Alkaline phosphatase
Boniva, see Bisphosphonate
Boniva, see Ibandronate
bony callus, see Callus (bone)
both hips bone density, see Dual femur scan
BPPV, see Vertigo
brace splint, see Splint
breastbone, see Sternum
brisk walking bone benefits, see Walking for bone health
brittle bone disease, see Osteogenesis imperfecta
brittle bones diabetes, see Diabetes and bone health
broken ankle, see Ankle fracture
broken pelvis, see Pelvic fracture
broken rib, see Rib fracture
broken upper arm, see Humerus fracture
broken wrist, see Colles' fracture
brown tumor of bone, see Osteitis fibrosa cystica
BSAP, see Alkaline phosphatase
BTMs, see Bone turnover markers
buffalo hump spine, see Kyphosis
butyrate, see Short-chain fatty acids
calcaneal ultrasound, see Heel ultrasound
calcitonin hormone, see Calcitonin
calcium absorption timing, see Calcium supplement timing
calcium carbonate, see Calcium
calcium citrate, see Calcium
calcium constipation, see Calcium supplement side effects
calcium kidney stones, see Calcium supplement side effects
calcium mg elemental, see Elemental calcium
Caltrate, see Calcium and vitamin D combo pill
canalicular fluid shear, see Fluid shear stress
canaliculus, see Canaliculi
cancellous bone, see Trabecular bone
cane use, see Walker (mobility aid)
carpal bones, see Wrist
Cast removal, see Cast
Cbfa1, see RUNX2
chair rise test, see Chair stand test
chemotherapy bone loss, see Cyclophosphamide and bone
childhood osteomalacia, see Rickets
childhood osteoporosis, see Juvenile osteoporosis
chronic inflammation bone, see Inflammation and bone loss
chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder, see CKD-MBD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bone loss, see COPD and bone loss
chronic opioid use bone density, see Opioids and bone loss
chronic stress bone density, see Stress and cortisol bone loss
Citracal, see Calcium and vitamin D combo pill
CKD, see Chronic kidney disease
coeliac disease, see Celiac disease
cognitive-motor training, see Dual-task training
collagen supplement, see Collagen peptides
collarbone, see Clavicle
Colles fracture, see Colles' fracture
combined balance and strength training, see Multicomponent exercise program
combining bone drugs, see Combination therapy (osteoporosis)
compact bone, see Cortical bone
compounded hormones, see Bioidentical hormones
Compression fracture, see Vertebral compression fracture
COPD bone loss, see COPD and bone loss
COPD osteoporosis, see COPD and bone loss
core strengthening exercises, see Core stability training
cortisol management, see Stress management
Coumadin bone density, see Warfarin and bone loss
Crohns disease, see Crohn's disease
crush fracture of spine, see Vertebral compression fracture
C-spine, see Cervical spine
CT bone density, see QCT
C-telopeptide, see CTX
curved spine, see Scoliosis
Cx43, see Connexin 43
cycling osteoporosis risk, see Cycling and bone density
daily walking osteoporosis, see Walking for bone health
DDD, see Degenerative disc disease
deadlift technique, see Hip hinge movement
deadlifting osteoporosis, see Deadlift
degenerative joint disease, see Osteoarthritis
denosumab hypocalcemia, see Hypocalcemia (medication side effect)
dental extraction bisphosphonate, see Jaw osteonecrosis risk (bisphosphonates)
Depo-Provera bone loss, see Hormonal birth control and bone
depot medroxyprogesterone, see Depo-Provera
detraining effect, see Detraining
DEXA, see DEXA scan
DEXA follow-up on Fosamax, see BMD change
dexamethasone, see Corticosteroid
diabetes and osteoporosis, see Diabetes and bone health
diabetic bone disease, see Diabetes and bone health
dietary protein, see Protein intake
difference between arthritis and osteoporosis, see Osteoarthritis
disc, see Intervertebral disc
disc degeneration, see Degenerative disc disease
distal radius fracture, see Colles' fracture
distal radius fracture, see Distal radius
disuse, see Disuse osteoporosis
dizziness and falls, see Vertigo
dizzy standing up, see Orthostatic hypotension
DKK1, see Dickkopf-1
Dkk-1 inhibitor, see Dickkopf-1
dowager's hump, see Kyphosis
drop jumps, see Jump training for bone
drug sequencing bone, see Sequential therapy (osteoporosis)
dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, see DEXA scan
DVT after surgery, see Deep vein thrombosis (post-fracture)
DXA, see DEXA scan
DXA report, see Bone density report
dynamometer test, see Grip strength
dynapenic, see Dynapenia
E2 test, see Estradiol
eating disorder bone loss, see Anorexia nervosa
eccentric loading exercise, see Eccentric training
Echolight, see REMS
Echolight REMS device, see Echolight scan
EDS, see Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
elastic band exercises, see Resistance band training
elemental calcium dose, see Elemental calcium
endosteal surface, see Endosteum
endplate fracture, see Vertebral endplate
EPA and DHA, see Omega-3 fatty acids
epiphyseal plate, see Growth plate
epiphyses, see Epiphysis
ER alpha bone, see Estrogen receptor
ergocalciferol, see Vitamin D2
estimated glomerular filtration rate, see eGFR
estradiol level, see Estradiol
estrogen deficient bones, see Estrogen deficiency
estrogen receptor bone, see Estrogen receptor
Evenity, see Romosozumab
Evista, see Raloxifene
excess alcohol effects, see Alcohol and bone loss
excess growth hormone bone, see Acromegaly
excess thyroid medication, see Levothyroxine
exercise detraining, see Detraining
exercise lowers sclerostin, see Sclerostin suppression by loading
exercise-induced amenorrhea, see Amenorrhea
exercises to avoid with osteoporosis, see Exercise contraindications osteoporosis
ex-fix, see External fixation
explosive loading rate, see Rate of force development
explosive training, see Power training
external fixator, see External fixation
external fixator infection, see Pin site infection
extracellular matrix of bone, see Bone matrix
failed to heal fracture, see Nonunion
fainting, see Syncope
fall fracture, see Fall-related fracture
fall prevention, see Fall risk
fall prevention exercises, see Fall prevention program
fall risk assessment test, see Balance assessment
fall risk screening questions, see Falls history questionnaire
fallophobia, see Fear of falling
fall-proofing home, see Home safety assessment
falls prevention class, see Fall prevention program
fat mass and lean mass measurement, see Body composition
fatty marrow, see Yellow bone marrow
Femara, see Letrozole
femoral neck fracture, see Hip fracture
femoral neck fracture site, see Femoral neck
femur bone, see Femur
FGF-23, see FGF23
fiberglass cast, see Cast
fibroblast growth factor 23, see FGF23
fibrous dysplasia of bone, see Fibrous dysplasia
fish oil, see Omega-3 fatty acids
flat bones, see Flat bone
FLS, see Fracture liaison service
fluid shear flow, see Interstitial fluid flow
flu-like symptoms after Reclast, see Acute phase reaction
follow up bone scan, see BMD change
forearm bone, see Radius
forearm bone density test, see Peripheral DXA
forearm crutches, see Crutches
forearm DXA, see DXA sites
formation biomarkers, see Bone formation markers
Forteo, see Teriparatide
Forteo injection, see Subcutaneous injection (bone drugs)
Fosamax, see Alendronate
Fosamax, see Bisphosphonate
Fosamax esophagus irritation, see Esophagitis (bisphosphonate side effect)
fracture callus, see Callus (bone)
fracture consolidation, see Bone union
fracture from falling, see Fall-related fracture
fracture prevention clinic, see Fracture liaison service
fracture probability tool, see 10-year fracture risk
fracture recovery physical therapy, see Rehabilitation after fracture
fracture risk assessment, see 10-year fracture risk
fracture risk assessment tool, see FRAX
fragility stress fracture, see Insufficiency fracture
FRAX assessment, see 10-year fracture risk
FRAX score, see FRAX
Frost's mechanostat, see Mechanostat
full weight bearing, see Weight-bearing status
functional reach assessment, see Balance assessment
Functional reach test, see Balance assessment
furosemide bone loss, see Loop diuretics and bone
gap junctions, see Gap junction
gastric bypass, see Bariatric surgery
gastric sleeve, see Bariatric surgery
g/cm2 bone density, see Bone density units
genetic risk factors for osteoporosis, see Family history of osteoporosis
genetic risk osteoporosis, see Family history of osteoporosis
GH deficiency bones, see Growth hormone deficiency
GnRH agonist bone loss, see Leuprolide
gradual overload training, see Progressive overload
GRF, see Ground reaction force
GTO, see Golgi tendon organ
hairline fracture, see Stress fracture
half hip replacement, see Partial hip replacement
handgrip strength test, see Grip strength
haversian canals, see Haversian canal
Haversian system, see Osteon
healed fracture, see Bone union
heavy lifting for bone, see High-intensity resistance and impact training
heel bone, see Calcaneus
heel scan, see Heel ultrasound
hemiarthroplasty, see Partial hip replacement
heparin and bone loss, see Heparin-induced osteoporosis
hereditary bone fragility, see Family history of osteoporosis
hereditary osteoporosis, see Family history of osteoporosis
high cortisol osteoporosis, see Cortisol and bone loss
high intensity resistance training, see High-intensity resistance and impact training
high resolution peripheral quantitative CT, see HR-pQCT
high-impact exercise, see Impact loading
hinge pattern, see Hip hinge movement
hip and spine DXA, see DXA sites
hip bone, see Pelvis
hip bone density, see Total hip BMD
hip bone fracture, see Pelvic fracture
hip bump, see Greater trochanter
hip fracture probability, see 10-year fracture risk
hip fracture rehab, see Rehabilitation after fracture
hip implant, see Hip replacement
hip protector pads, see Hip protector
hip protectors, see Hip protector
HiRIT, see High-intensity resistance and impact training
home hazard assessment, see Home safety assessment
hormone therapy, see Hormone replacement therapy
how bones heal, see Fracture healing stages
how fast bone loss after menopause, see Post-menopausal bone loss rate
how to treat osteoporosis, see Osteoporosis treatment options
Howship's lacuna, see Resorption pit
HPP, see Hypophosphatasia
HRpQCT scan, see HR-pQCT
HRT, see Hormone replacement therapy
hunchback, see Kyphosis
hydrochlorothiazide bone protective, see Thiazide diuretics and bone
hypermobility syndrome, see Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
hypervitaminosis D, see Vitamin D toxicity
hypoestrogenism, see Estrogen deficiency
IBD, see Inflammatory bowel disease
idiopathic juvenile osteoporosis, see Juvenile osteoporosis
IL6 and osteoporosis, see IL-6 (bone)
iliac bone, see Ilium
IM nail, see Intramedullary nail
imminent fracture risk, see Fracture risk after fracture
immobility-related bone loss, see Immobility and bone loss
immobilization bone loss, see Disuse osteoporosis
immobilization-related osteoporosis, see Paralytic osteoporosis
immobilizer, see Splint
immune system and bone, see Osteoimmunology
impact exercise for bone, see Impact loading
impact training, see Impact loading
implant removal surgery, see Hardware removal
improperly healed fracture, see Malunion
inactivity bedridden, see Immobility and bone loss
InBody scan, see InBody
incomplete fracture, see Greenstick fracture
increased bone density disorder, see Osteosclerosis
induced menopause, see Surgical menopause
inflammatory bone loss, see Inflammation and bone loss
inflammatory cytokines, see Cytokines
inner ear balance, see Vestibular system
insulin and bone, see Insulin resistance
insulin-like growth factor 1, see IGF-1
integrins, see Integrin
interleukin-6 bone loss, see IL-6 (bone)
internal hardware, see Internal fixation
intestinal permeability, see Leaky gut
intramuscular fat, see Muscle quality
involutional osteoporosis, see Aging and bone loss
irregular periods bone loss, see Amenorrhea
is swimming good for bones, see Swimming and bone density
isometric, see Isometric exercise
isometric loading, see Isometric exercise
joint cartilage, see Articular cartilage
joint position sense, see Proprioception
jump training, see Plyometric exercise
jumping exercises bone, see Jump training for bone
juvenile diabetes bones, see Diabetes and bone health
K2, see Vitamin K2
kidney bone disease, see CKD-MBD
kidney function test, see eGFR
Klinefelter's syndrome bone loss, see Klinefelter syndrome
kneecap, see Patella
kyphosis X-ray, see Vertebral Fracture Assessment
L1-L4, see Lumbar spine
L1-L4 bone density, see Lumbar spine BMD
lacunae, see Lacuna
lacunar-canalicular fluid flow, see Interstitial fluid flow
lamellar bone, see Lamellae
Lasix calcium loss, see Loop diuretics and bone
lateral spine x-ray, see Vertebral Fracture Assessment
LCS, see Lacunar-canalicular system
lean body mass, see Lean mass
lean mass scan, see Muscle mass measurement
leg cast, see Cast
LIFTMOR study, see LIFTMOR trial
lining cells, see Bone lining cells
loading rate, see Strain rate
loading-induced sclerostin decrease, see Sclerostin suppression by loading
localized bone response, see Site-specific bone adaptation
long bones, see Long bone
losing height, see Height loss
loss of bone benefit after stopping exercise, see Detraining
loss of periods bone loss, see Amenorrhea
loss of training adaptation, see Detraining
low alkaline phosphatase disease, see Hypophosphatasia
low BMI osteoporosis, see Low body mass index
low bone mass, see Osteopenia
low calcium from Prolia, see Hypocalcemia (medication side effect)
low estrogen bone loss, see Estrogen deficiency
low estrogen bone loss, see Hypogonadism
low estrogen in young women, see Estrogen deficiency
low parathyroid hormone, see Hypoparathyroidism
low T, see Low testosterone
low T test, see Testosterone test
low testosterone aging, see Andropause
low testosterone bone loss, see Hypogonadism
low thyroid, see Hypothyroidism
low TSH bone loss, see Subclinical hyperthyroidism
low vitamin D, see Vitamin D deficiency
low vitamin D causes, see Vitamin D deficiency
lower back spine, see Lumbar spine
low-trauma fracture, see Fragility fracture
LRP5 gene, see LRP5/LRP6
LRP6 receptor, see LRP5/LRP6
LSC, see Least Significant Change
lumbar spine DXA, see DXA sites
lumbar vertebrae, see Lumbar spine
lung clot after fracture, see Pulmonary embolism (post-fracture)
Lupron, see Leuprolide
major osteoporotic fracture risk, see 10-year fracture risk
male menopause, see Andropause
malunited fracture, see Malunion
marble bone disease, see Osteopetrosis
march fracture, see Stress fracture
Marfan's syndrome skeletal, see Marfan syndrome
matrix mineralization, see Mineralization (bone)
maximum bone mass, see Peak bone mass
mechanical strain, see Strain (bone)
medication-induced bone loss, see Drug-induced osteoporosis
medication-related falls, see Polypharmacy and falls
medullary cavity, see Marrow cavity
menopause after hysterectomy, see Surgical menopause
menopause before 45, see Early menopause
men's bone loss, see Male osteoporosis
menstrual irregularity and bone, see Amenorrhea
metastatic bone disease, see Bone metastases
Miacalcin, see Calcitonin
microbiome-bone axis, see Gut microbiome and bone
microgravity, see Astronaut bone loss
microgravity bone loss, see Astronaut bone loss
microstrain units, see Microstrain
mid back spine, see Thoracic spine
missed periods bone loss, see Amenorrhea
MK-7, see Vitamin K2
modified pilates, see Pilates for bone health
monthly Boniva dosing, see Dosing schedule (osteoporosis drugs)
monthly Boniva pill, see Ibandronate
MTX osteoporosis, see Methotrexate and bone loss
multi-component falls exercise, see Multicomponent exercise program
multiple medications fall risk, see Polypharmacy and falls
muscle fat infiltration, see Muscle quality
muscle fat infiltration imaging, see Muscle quality
muscle power training, see Power training
muscle quality assessment, see Muscle quality
muscle recovery, see Recovery days
myokines, see Myokine
myosteatosis test, see Muscle quality
narrowing of the spinal canal, see Spinal stenosis
neck vertebrae, see Cervical spine
negative reps, see Eccentric training
no spinal flexion, see Spinal flexion avoidance
non-healing fracture, see Nonunion
non-slip footwear, see Footwear and fall risk
non-weight bearing, see Weight-bearing status
N-telopeptide, see NTX
nutrient malabsorption bone loss, see Malabsorption syndrome
OA, see Osteoarthritis
oestrogen, see Estrogen
omeprazole, see Proton pump inhibitor
one leg balance test, see Balance assessment
ONJ, see Osteonecrosis of the jaw
open fracture, see Compound fracture
open reduction internal fixation, see ORIF
OPG/RANKL ratio, see OPG
OPN, see Osteopontin
organic bone matrix, see Collagen matrix
orthosilicic acid bone, see Silicon and bone health
osteoarthritis vs osteoporosis, see Osteoarthritis
osteoblast activity markers, see Bone formation markers
osteoblast differentiation, see Osteoblastogenesis
osteoblast formation, see Osteoblastogenesis
osteoblasts, see Osteoblast
osteoclast activity markers, see Bone resorption markers
osteoclast differentiation, see Osteoclastogenesis
osteoclast formation, see Osteoclastogenesis
osteoclasts, see Osteoclast
osteocyte death signaling, see Osteocyte apoptosis
osteocytes, see Osteocyte
osteogenic stimulus, see Osteogenic loading
osteoid seam, see Osteoid
osteonecrosis, see Avascular necrosis
osteons, see Osteon
osteoporosis due to another condition, see Secondary osteoporosis
osteoporosis genes, see Family history of osteoporosis
osteoporosis in men, see Male osteoporosis
osteoporosis plus sarcopenia, see Osteosarcopenia
osteoporosis treatment, see Osteoporosis treatment options
osteoprotegerin, see OPG
osteosarcopenic obesity, see Sarcopenic obesity
outer bone shell, see Bone cortex
ovariectomy, see Oophorectomy
ovary removal bone loss, see Oophorectomy
overactive parathyroid, see Parathyroid gland disorders
overactive thyroid, see Hyperthyroidism
oxalate, see Oxalates
Ozempic, see GLP-1 receptor agonist
padded hip undergarment, see Hip protector
Paget disease of bone, see Paget's disease
pantoprazole, see Proton pump inhibitor
parathyroid hormone, see Parathyroid hormone test
parathyroid hormone related peptide, see PTHrP
parathyroid hormone-related protein, see PTHrP
parathyroid problems bone, see Parathyroid gland disorders
partial weight bearing, see Weight-bearing status
pathological fracture, see Pathologic fracture
pDXA, see Peripheral DXA
PE after surgery, see Pulmonary embolism (post-fracture)
peak bone density, see Peak bone mass
peak impact force, see Peak force
peak load, see Peak force
pelvic bone, see Pelvis
percent change in BMD, see BMD change
percutaneous pinning, see Hip pinning
perimenopausal, see Perimenopause
peri-menopause, see Perimenopause
periosteal lining, see Periosteal surface
petite body frame, see Low body mass index
petite frame osteoporosis, see Low body mass index
phases of fracture healing, see Fracture healing stages
phenytoin bone loss, see Anticonvulsants and bone loss
phosphate blood level, see Phosphate test
Physical therapy after hip fracture, see Rehabilitation after fracture
physis, see Growth plate
phytic acid, see Phytates
phytohaemagglutinin, see Lectins
Piezo channels, see Piezo1
Piezo2, see Piezo1
piezoelectric bone property, see Piezoelectric effect in bone
pilates osteoporosis safe, see Pilates for bone health
pin fixation hip, see Hip pinning
pituitary bone loss, see Growth hormone deficiency
plaster cast, see Cast
plate and screws surgery, see ORIF
plyometrics, see Plyometric exercise
plyometrics for bone, see Jump training for bone
PMMA cement, see Bone cement
pole walking, see Nordic walking
polypharmacy, see Polypharmacy and falls
poor eyesight falls, see Vision and fall risk
poor sleep bone loss, see Sleep quality and bone health
post-exercise protein, see Protein timing
post-fracture rehab, see Rehabilitation after fracture
post-infusion reaction, see Acute phase reaction
postmenopausal, see Menopause
postural exercises, see Posture training
postural hypotension, see Orthostatic hypotension
posture muscle training, see Back extensor strengthening
PPI, see Proton pump inhibitor
pre-diabetes bones, see Insulin resistance
prednisone, see Corticosteroid
prednisone, see Prednisone and bone loss
premature ovarian failure, see Early menopause
primary hyperparathyroidism, see Hyperparathyroidism
primary ovarian insufficiency, see Premature menopause
probiotics for bone, see Gut microbiome and bone
procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide, see P1NP
programmed osteocyte death, see Osteocyte apoptosis
progressive loading, see Progressive overload
Prolia, see Denosumab
Prolia discontinuation rebound, see Rebound fracture risk (denosumab)
Prolia injection, see Subcutaneous injection (bone drugs)
prolonged bed rest bone loss, see Immobility and bone loss
prolonged immobility bone loss, see Immobility and bone loss
protein distribution, see Protein timing
protein supplement osteoporosis, see Protein powder for bone health
proximal humerus fracture, see Humerus fracture
psychological stress bone, see Stress and cortisol bone loss
PT after hip surgery, see Rehabilitation after fracture
PTH, see Parathyroid hormone test
PTH test, see Parathyroid hormone test
quantitative computed tomography, see QCT
quantitative ultrasound, see Heel ultrasound
quiescent osteoblasts, see Bone lining cells
QUS, see Heel ultrasound
RA, see Rheumatoid arthritis
Radiofrequency Echographic Multi Spectrometry, see REMS
RANK protein, see RANK receptor
reach test balance, see Balance assessment
receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B, see RANK receptor
Reclast, see Bisphosphonate
Reclast, see Zoledronic acid
Reclast infusion, see IV infusion (bone drugs)
red bone marrow, see Bone marrow
red clover bone supplement, see Isoflavones and bone
redo hip surgery, see Revision surgery (orthopedic)
RED-S, see Female athlete triad
relative energy deficiency in sport, see Female athlete triad
remodeling coupling, see Coupling (bone remodeling)
remodeling cycle, see Bone remodeling
removing plates and screws, see Hardware removal
REMS scan, see REMS
renal hyperparathyroidism, see Secondary hyperparathyroidism
renal osteodystrophy, see CKD-MBD
repeat bone scan on treatment, see BMD change
repeat DXA scan, see BMD change
resorption biomarkers, see Bone resorption markers
resorption lacuna, see Resorption pit
resorption-formation coupling, see Coupling (bone remodeling)
rest days training, see Recovery days
revision hip replacement, see Revision surgery (orthopedic)
RFD, see Rate of force development
rib bone, see Rib
ribs, see Rib
rod in bone, see Intramedullary nail
rods and screws, see Internal fixation
rollator, see Walker (mobility aid)
runs in family, see Family history of osteoporosis
Runt-related transcription factor 2, see RUNX2
sacral bone, see Sacrum
safe deadlift form, see Deadlift
safe movement after compression fracture, see Compression fracture precautions
safe shoes for balance, see Footwear and fall risk
SCFAs, see Short-chain fatty acids
sclerostin blocker, see Sclerostin inhibitor
screening guidelines bone density, see Osteoporosis screening age
secondary amenorrhea, see Amenorrhea
secondary bone loss, see Secondary osteoporosis
secondary fracture risk, see Fracture risk after fracture
secondary osteoporosis from drugs, see Drug-induced osteoporosis
sedentary living, see Sedentary behavior
seizure medication bone loss, see Anticonvulsants and bone loss
seizure medication osteoporosis, see Anticonvulsants and bone loss
selective estrogen receptor modulator, see Raloxifene
semaglutide, see GLP-1 receptor agonist
senile osteoporosis, see Aging and bone loss
Serial DXA, see BMD change
SERM, see Raloxifene
SERM for bone, see Raloxifene
serum calcium test, see Calcium blood test
serum phosphorus test, see Phosphate test
sesamoid bones, see Sesamoid bone
shattered bone fracture, see Comminuted fracture
SHBG, see Sex-hormone-binding globulin
shear stress bone, see Fluid shear stress
shin bone, see Tibia
short bones, see Short bone
short physical performance battery, see SPPB
shoulder blade, see Scapula
shoulder fracture site, see Proximal humerus
shrinking with age, see Height loss
simple fracture, see Closed fracture
single leg balance, see Balance assessment
Single-leg stance test, see Balance assessment
sit to stand test, see Chair stand test
site specificity of loading, see Site-specific bone adaptation
Sit-to-stand test, see Chair stand test
skeletal age assessment, see Bone age test
skeletal muscle mass test, see Muscle mass measurement
skeletal pain, see Bone pain
sleep deprivation bone, see Sleep quality and bone health
sleep hygiene, see Sleep and bone health
slight build osteoporosis, see Low body mass index
slow healing fracture, see Delayed union
small bone structure, see Low body mass index
small boned, see Low body mass index
small frame bone risk, see Low body mass index
smok, see Smoking and bone loss
smoking, see Smoking and bone loss
smoking effects on bone, see Smoking and bone loss
soy isoflavones, see Phytoestrogens
soy supplement bone, see Isoflavones and bone
spaceflight osteoporosis, see Astronaut bone loss
spinal bone, see Vertebra
spinal column, see Spine
spinal cord injury bone loss, see Paralytic osteoporosis
spinal disc, see Intervertebral disc
spinal extensor exercises, see Back extensor strengthening
spinal fracture detection, see Vertebral Fracture Assessment
spinal posture correction, see Posture training
Spinal x-ray, see Vertebral Fracture Assessment
spine imaging for fractures, see Vertebral Fracture Assessment
spine imaging on DXA, see Vertebral Fracture Assessment
spine T-score, see Lumbar spine BMD
Spine X-ray for fracture, see Vertebral Fracture Assessment
spongy bone, see Trabecular bone
squat for bone density, see Squat exercise
SSRI, see SSRI and bone loss
steroid-induced osteoporosis, see Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis
steroids and bones, see Prednisone and bone loss
stone bone disease, see Osteopetrosis
stopping Prolia risk, see Rebound fracture risk (denosumab)
strength training, see Resistance training
stress hormone, see Cortisol
stress hormone bone loss, see Cortisol and bone loss
strontium for bones, see Strontium ranelate
strontium supplement, see Strontium ranelate
sun exposure bone health, see Vitamin D deficiency
swimming bone loss, see Swimming and bone density
switching osteoporosis drugs, see Sequential therapy (osteoporosis)
Synthroid, see Levothyroxine
T score, see T-score
T1D bone loss, see Diabetes and bone health
T2D bone fragility, see Diabetes and bone health
T3, see Thyroid hormone
T4, see Thyroid hormone
tai chi for balance, see Tai chi
taichi, see Tai chi
taking off a cast, see Cast
tamoxifen bone density effect, see Tamoxifen and bone
TBS, see Trabecular Bone Score
tendon pull fracture, see Avulsion fracture
testosterone deficiency, see Low testosterone
testosterone therapy bones, see Testosterone replacement therapy
TGF-b in bone, see TGF-beta (bone)
THA, see Hip replacement
the change before menopause, see Perimenopause
theraband training, see Resistance band training
thigh bone, see Femur
thin frame bone risk, see Low body mass index
thoracic hump, see Kyphosis
thoracic vertebrae, see Thoracic spine
thyrocalcitonin, see Calcitonin
thyroid blood test, see TSH
thyroid hormone replacement, see Levothyroxine
thyroid stimulating hormone test, see TSH
thyroxine, see Thyroid hormone
timed up & go, see Timed Up and Go
Timed Up and Go test, see Timed Up and Go
timed up-and-go, see Timed Up and Go
TNF-a bone, see TNF-alpha and bone
total calcium level, see Calcium blood test
total hip arthroplasty, see Hip replacement
total hip T-score, see Total hip BMD
total testosterone level, see Testosterone test
trabecular struts, see Trabeculae
transforming growth factor beta, see TGF-beta (bone)
trochanter, see Greater trochanter
TRT bone health, see Testosterone replacement therapy
trunk stability training, see Core stability training
TSH levels, see Thyroid-stimulating hormone
TSH test, see Thyroid-stimulating hormone
T-spine, see Thoracic spine
TUG test, see Timed Up and Go
tumor necrosis factor alpha bone loss, see TNF-alpha and bone
Turner's syndrome bone loss, see Turner syndrome
turnover markers blood test, see Bone turnover markers
twisting fracture, see Spiral fracture
Tymlos, see Abaloparatide
Tymlos injection, see Subcutaneous injection (bone drugs)
type 1 diabetes bone loss, see Diabetes and bone health
type 2 diabetes bone loss, see Diabetes and bone health
type I collagen, see Collagen (type I)
ultrasound bone densitometer, see Echolight scan
underactive parathyroid, see Hypoparathyroidism
underactive thyroid, see Hypothyroidism
underweight bone loss, see Low body mass index
unmineralized bone matrix, see Osteoid
unsafe exercises for bones, see Exercise contraindications osteoporosis
unsteady gait, see Postural instability
upper arm bone, see Humerus
urine NTX test, see NTX
vertebrae, see Vertebra
vertebral bodies, see Vertebral body
Vertebral compression fracture imaging, see Vertebral Fracture Assessment
vertebral fracture precautions, see Compression fracture precautions
vertebral fracture X-ray, see Vertebral Fracture Assessment
vertebral slippage, see Spondylolisthesis
vertical jump training, see Jump training for bone
vestibular function, see Vestibular system
VFA, see Vertebral Fracture Assessment
VFA scan, see Vertebral Fracture Assessment
vibration plate training, see Whole-body vibration
vibration platform, see Whole-body vibration
vibration therapy (bone), see Whole-body vibration
vision impairment falls, see Vision and fall risk
vitamin D blood test, see 25-hydroxy vitamin D test
vitamin D bolus dose, see Vitamin D loading dose
vitamin D deficiency rickets, see Rickets
vitamin D deficiency risk factors, see Vitamin D deficiency
vitamin D insufficiency, see Vitamin D deficiency
vitamin D overdose, see Vitamin D toxicity
vitamin D2 supplement, see Vitamin D2
vitamin D3, see Vitamin D
vitamin D3 toxicity, see Vitamin D toxicity
walker for balance, see Walker (mobility aid)
walking aid, see Crutches
walking frame, see Walker (mobility aid)
walking speed test, see Gait speed
walking while talking fall risk, see Dual-task training
walking with poles, see Nordic walking
WBV for bone, see Whole-body vibration
WBV therapy, see Whole-body vibration
wear and tear arthritis, see Osteoarthritis
weekly bisphosphonate, see Dosing schedule (osteoporosis drugs)
Wegovy, see GLP-1 receptor agonist
weight bearing activity, see Weight-bearing exercise
weight lifting, see Resistance training
what is a good Z-score, see Z-score interpretation
when to get first DXA, see Osteoporosis screening age
whey protein bone, see Protein powder for bone health
WHI study, see Women's Health Initiative
Wnt co-receptor, see LRP5/LRP6
Wnt pathway, see Wnt signaling pathway
Wnt signalling, see Wnt signaling pathway
wnt/beta-catenin signaling, see Wnt signaling pathway
Wolffs law, see Wolff's Law
worn spinal discs, see Degenerative disc disease
wrist fracture, see Colles' fracture
wrist fracture site, see Distal radius
wrist joint, see Wrist
yearly bone infusion, see Zoledronic acid
yearly Reclast infusion, see Dosing schedule (osteoporosis drugs)
yoga osteoporosis, see Yoga for bone health
Z score, see Z-score
zoledronate, see Zoledronic acid
zoledronic acid infusion, see IV infusion (bone drugs)
Zometa, see Zoledronic acid
Z-score meaning, see Z-score interpretation
